When we consider Royal Oak Pottery, this is what usually springs to mind. Quite heavy 'rustic' kitchenware, often with stylised daisy flowers. But the full story is much richer and more interesting. Hence, this is the longest post I have ever written. I have tried to trim it down but believe me this is the best I can do.
Through most of the 1940s Owen Salisbury’s Auckland factory turned
out thousands of hand-painted Salisbury Ware vases. (
See previous post). Then in 1945 the war ended and imported
English ware came back on the market. New Zealanders lost interest in homegrown
Salisbury Ware and the factory closed in 1946.
Undaunted, Owen Salisbury set up a workshop in his family garage
in the Auckland suburb of Royal Oak. He hand-painted little cactus planter pots from Spartan
Products, and placed them on wooden Mexican-style wall shelves. Soon he was
able to give up his paid employment and concentrate on the business.
Above: the first Royal Oak ware. Owen Salisbury made wooden shelves and added cactus pots - and a few little Santas - by Spartan
Photo courtesy Edward Salisbury
As his business grew, Owen Salisbury bought and decorated more bisque ware blanks from Norm Stevens
and Dave Stewart at Spartan.
Then Spartan closed, and for a time Owen
bought his blanks from Norm Stevens, now a struggling sole operator. From 1952
he was supplied by Cameron and Dorothy Brown at Sherwood Potteries.
Above: Butterfly wall vase decorated at Royal
Oak. Blank from Sherwood Potteries. 1950s
Louise de Varga photograph, from Julie Cardon collection. From memory about 15 cm height.
Owen Salisbury’s new business took off and he went back to Crown
Lynn for a better supply of blanks. Owen suggested many of
the shapes that Crown Lynn made for him. As well as castware, he bought vases
hand-thrown by Ernest Shufflebotham at Crown Lynn and sprayed them with bands
of paint, mainly in pastel colours. Output quickly expanded and he hired Ted
Hart from Crown Lynn to help with decoration.
Above: wall vase in the shape of a hat, decorated by Ted Heart for
Royal Oak. 16 cm end to end. The maker of this shape is still under discussion - either Crown Lynn or Sherwood.
Owen Salisbury was always looking for new ways to expand the
business. By the early 1950s he had commissioned metal mesh (lacemetal) ware
and wrought iron ware including plant stands and planters, telephone
tables, fire screens, magazine holders, umbrella stands and wall-mounted
shelves in various configurations.
Much
of the metalwork held vases, pots and planters made by Crown Lynn or Sherwood
Pottery and decorated at Royal Oak.
Above: Royal Oak lacemetal planter. The green leaves were cut out
of old food tins then painted. Vase probably by Sherwood. 21 cm end to end.
Above: Royal Oak metalware wall decorations and ornaments. Pottery blanks by Crown Lynn and (probably) Sherwood Pottery. Image from a Royal Oak catalogue, courtesy Edward Salisbury.
In 1956, Owen’s son Edward Salisbury started work at his
father’s factory – just before the entire factory burned down. The
business moved to a nearby building in Manukau Road and Edward’s first job was
to clean up the remains of the burned factory.
Only a few days later Crown Lynn also had a huge factory fire.
Despite these setbacks production continued,
with hand-decorated vases and ornaments selling as fast as they could be made.
Through the years the business had its ups and downs, and
staff were hired accordingly.
Key staff
at various times included Ted Heart and Darryl Hargreaves (decorators) and
modeller Peter Cooke.
By the end of the 1950s, the Royal Oak metalware catalogue had expanded
still further, and stand-alone vases and ornaments also found a ready market. In
1956 the family established a warehouse in New Plymouth, run by Owen’s brother
Raymond.
Output was limited only by inconsistent
supplies of Crown Lynn blanks and by import restrictions on metal mesh.
Royal Oak sold metal ware until about the
mid-1960s. In the late 1960s Royal Oak made Formica coffee tables and tea
wagons and at times also sold imported crystal, bone china, porcelain, lamps
and dinner ware.
Above: Royal Oak planters. These pots were first made by Crown Lynn
in 1964
Photograph courtesy Edward Salisbury. I don't have one of these to measure but I estimate that the tallest would be about 80 cm in height.
Above: This ornamental shell, decorated at Royal Oak, was first
made by Crown Lynn in 1961. Length 27 cm.
From 1961-1964, Royal Oak was still buying blanks from Crown
Lynn, including candle stick ends, a butterfly, a
crocus vase and the familiar shell above.
Royal Oak also sold finished Crown Lynn ware
including whiteware vases and swans. At Crown Lynn, Daniel Steenstra made and decorated a range
of planter pots, vases and kitchen jars for Royal Oak.
Some were unmarked; others had a Royal Oak
stamp on the base.
Some Crown Lynn plates
were also stamped Royal Oak and presumably retailed through the Salisbury
family.
Above: a planter made and decorated by Daniel Steenstra at Crown Lynn and sold at Royal Oak. Photograph courtesy A. A-S.. Height estimated 19 cm.
Above: this Crown Lynn colourglaze dessert bowl carries a Royal Oak
stamp
Royal Oak kitchenware
In the early 1960s Owen Salisbury began making pottery from
scratch.
He imported a kiln from England
and began mixing his own clay body. Young Edward dug the first clay out of a
hillside in Waiwera and later supplies came from Auckland’s north-western
motorway construction site and the big deposits near Matauri Bay in Northland.
At first Royal Oak made mainly ornaments, but by the
mid-1960s the family was making thousands of pieces of practical kitchenware.
Salisbury called his new range Colonial Ware, but
in about 1967 it was renamed Winfred May Pottery – after a Mrs Winifred May
Cullen who was hired to market Royal Oak ware to retailers.
The range included coffee sets, mugs, storage
jars, salt pigs and oil bottles. Later there were casseroles, ramekins and
jugs.
Above: Royal Oak’s Winifred May ware.
Photograph from a catalogue, courtesy Edward Salisbury
Above: Mugs were a consistent best seller for Royal Oak. The bottom layer are the popular 'P30' shape. It is estimated that through the years about 250,000 of this shape alone were sold.
Sadly, Mrs Cullen soon fell ill and later died, leaving
Royal Oak without a marketer.
In 1969
Owen Salisbury again joined forces with Arthur Martin. Trading as Martex,
Martin sold Royal Oak kitchenware under the brand name SAMA, an amalgamation of
the names Salisbury and Martin.
Above: Royal Oak salt and pepper with the Sama stick-on label. Height 9 cm.
By 1974 Royal Oak was selling direct to retail shops. New
glaze colours included white, nut brown, orange, dark blue and mottled brown,
almost always with shiny dark brown around the top.
Above: Royal Oak ware from
the early 1970s.
Catalogue images, courtesy Edward Salisbury
In 1976 Owen’s two sons Edward and Stewart moved production
to a much bigger factory in Henderson. By this stage Owen was content to work
on glaze development and his own small-scale projects and it was some years
before he too made the move from his workshop at Manukau Road to the Henderson factory.
Edward Salisbury and the rest of the team were great
do-it-yourselfers.
They tackled everything
from kiln repairs to modelling, mould making and slipcasting. Clay body and
glazes were made by the family using recipes created by Owen Salisbury and
tested in their own laboratory.
All
Royal Oak ware was slipcast, so they kept away from circular items like plates
which Crown Lynn could make much faster on their mechanised jiggers.
Most
Royal Oak has a flat dry base with no discernible foot ring. However sometimes
Edward carved a foot into the base of the plaster mould.
In 1978 Owen taught Royal Oak’s first artist, Lynley Trail,
to decorate ‘Daisy Ware’ with simple stylised flowers in brown, blue and later
pink.
By 1979 there were over 20 staff
turning out 1000 storage jars a month, along with teapots, coffee sets, mugs,
salt pigs, egg cups, oil bottles, jugs, ramekins and casseroles - and even a
hanging garlic holder.
The simply
decorated ware was quick to make, with only one trip through the kiln. At
first, lettering – eg ‘sugar’ – was hand-brushed. Later, transfers were used.
Above: Royal Oak Daisy pattern teapot. Cane handles (and corks) were
bought in bulk and fitted at the Royal Oak factory.
Above: Royal Oak Daisy Ware. Brown sold better than these blue and pink colourways. Blue jar at rear, 12 cm excluding cork. Wet/dry spoon holders 8 cm.
In about 1979 Stewart Salisbury left the family business and
moved to Australia. After a couple of years he came back to New Zealand and
established Stewart Pottery in Henderson.
1979 was the year of peak production. Edward Salisbury
estimates that at least 250,000 of the basic ‘P30’ shape coffee mugs were made
over the years.
In the early 1980s,
Tasti Products ordered 10,000 jars for ginger.
Some Royal Oak pottery was exported to Australia and the Pacific
Islands.
In the 1970s the Royal Oak shop
also sold Temuka ware, but Edward recalls that it was inclined to chip and
customers complained.
For several years Royal Oak focused on the popular hand-painted
Daisy Ware, but in 1982 they began using German-made transfers – brown and orange ‘Autumn’ for the South Island and ‘Rustic Rose’ for the North
Island.
Above: Royal Oak
kitchen containers with the ‘Autumn’ transfer. (To my regret I did not buy this lineup. Photo taken in the shop, hence price stickers) Height estimated 14 cm.
Above:Kitchen jug with the ‘Rustic Rose’ transfer. Height (from memory) 14 cm.
In 1 March 1985 the family patriarch Owen Salisbury died,
and his workshop in Henderson was emptied out and closed.
By this stage demand had begun to ebb and
parts of the big Henderson factory were progressively shut down.
It finally closed in 1996.
For the next few years, Royal Oak pottery was made in a
workshop at Edward Salisbury’s home in Green Bay.
There was a big order for mugs for Apex Valves,
with recipients’ names hand-lettered onto each mug.
In the year 2000 Edward moved to the small Waikato town of
Paeroa, and after that he continued making Royal Oak on a smaller scale, selling mainly at craft markets.Without the burden of running a factory he was able to create more shapes, for example kiwi, pukeko, lizard and john dory
fish figurines.
In 2014 Edward Salisbury retired and production of Royal Oak
pottery ceased completely.
Owen Salisbury
Above: Owen Salisbury in 1962
Photo courtesy Edward Salisbury
Until Royal Oak Pottery moved to Henderson in 1976, Owen
Salisbury was very much involved in day-to-day production.
After the move he stayed at his workshop in Manukau
Road and had time to experiment with new glazes, shapes and decorations – and
to go fishing.
From this time, Owen’s work can still be identified as Royal
Oak but many pieces have his own style. He made and decorated slipcast coffee
mugs, wine goblets, decanters, vases and the like. Some carried the Royal Oak
sticker, and a few pieces were signed on the base with Owen’s mark. He created his
own ‘Lava Glaze’ from scoria dug from under his home, and marked the product
with specially printed labels.
There has been a suggestion that the thick speckly glaze as seen on the salt and pepper below is Lava Glaze, but the family is very clear that the term was used only by Owen for a few of his products.
Above: this salt and pepper is in White/Brown, not Lava Glaze. Height 4.5 cm.
Owen Salisbury’s work was sold through his on-site shop as
well as the Royal Oak Pottery outlet store.
For some time, his entire output was bought by a Queen Street gift
shop. When the lease on the Royal Oak
building expired, Owen joined the rest of the team in Henderson. Until his final illness in 1985, he had his own
workshop close to the main factory. Owen's son
Edward estimates that there were 300 buckets of various glaze mixes in the
workshop when it was cleared out after his death.
Above: Floral mug by Owen Salisbury. He also made vases and other ware in this pattern
Photo courtesy Edward Salisbury
Above: 'Lava Glaze' vase by Owen Salisbury.
Image courtesy A. A-S.
Above: Wine container by Owen Salisbury. There was also a 'Rum' version and possibly others. Height 18 cm.
Identifying Royal Oak
Much of Royal Oak Pottery's output is not marked. Most carried a sticker when it left the factory, but of course once an item has been used a few times the sticker disappears.
Because all the shapes, moulds and glazes and clay body were made in-house, Royal Oak is quite distinctive. Its heavy country-style look struck a chord with New Zealanders who were ready to move on from the precision and symmetry of Crown Lynn.
Below: Royal Oak stickers and stamps
Early Royal Oak sticker. Used (I believe) on the hand-painted ware made C 1946-1960s
Royal Oak Pottery sticker. Used from 1975 to 2014
Winifred May Pottery. C 1967-1968
Sama by Martex sticker C 1969-1970
Colonial Ovenware sticker late 1970s
Royal Oak Pottery stamp. Occasionally found on Royal Oak kitchenware
With the compliments of Royal Oak Pottery Used by Crown Lynn when making glazed ware for Royal Oak
Royal Oak Potteries stamp. Used by Crown Lynn when making glazed ware for Royal Oak
Below: Owen Salisbury's marks and stickers from late 1970s - early 1980s
Above: Owen Salisbury's impressed mark.
Harvest Brown Ovenware
Lava Glaze from Volcanic Cones...
With the compliments of Owen Salisbury. Royal Oak Pottery
Royal Oak Pottery Owen W Salisbury
Salisbury
ROYAL OAK POTTERY TIMELINE
1946 – Owen Salisbury established Royal Oak Pottery in a
workshop at his home at 714 Mt Albert Road. First ceramic blanks supplied by
Spartan Potteries.
1947 – As Royal Oak Pottery expanded, blanks were supplied
by Norm Stevens (ex Spartan), Cameron Brown (Sherwood Pottery) and then Ambrico/Crown
Lynn. By now Royal Oak was also selling various metal scroll ware items – plant
pot stands etc.
1956 – Royal Oak Pottery was registered as a company. A
branch warehouse was set up in New Plymouth and managed by Raymond Salisbury
(Owen’s brother).
1956 - Edward Salisbury started working full-time for the
family business. In December 1956 the factory was destroyed by fire.
Early 1957 – A new factory was established at 697 Manukau
Road, Royal Oak.
1959-1964 - Crown Lynn was making some moulds for Royal Oak
1960 – The first kiln arrived from England and Owen Salisbury
began making his own ware. Modeller Peter Cooke moved from Crown Lynn to Royal
Oak.
1967 – Winifred May kitchenware was introduced.
Metal ware was discontinued.
From C1969 –Arthur Martin sold the entire output as ‘SAMA by
Martex’.
C1973 – Owen’s younger son Stewart joined the family company.
By 1974 Royal Oak kitchenware was marketed direct to retailers.
It came in six colours - white, nut, orange, blue, mottled, and earth.
1976 – Royal Oak Pottery moved to 28 Henderson Valley Road.
Owen Salisbury stayed in Royal Oak
1978 – The hand-painted daisy pattern was introduced in
brown and blue (and later pink).
Some
pottery exported to Australia and the Pacific Islands.
1979/1980 – Stewart Salisbury left the family business and
later established Stewart Pottery.
1983 – Autumn and Rustic Rose transfers introduced. 10,000
small ginger jars made for Tasti Products.
1985 – Owen Salisbury died.
1998 – The Henderson factory closed. Royal Oak pottery continued
at Edward Salisbury’s home in Green Bay.
2000 – Edward Salisbury moved to Paeroa, still making Royal
Oak pottery sold mainly at craft fairs.
2014 – Edward Salisbury retired and production of Royal Oak
pottery ceased
SOURCES
My heartfelt thanks to Edward Salisbury, son of Owen and
Cecily Salisbury, for the large amounts of information he gave me. This came
from notes and records complied by Edward, plus an interview I recorded with
him.
Further valuable information is
from Ev Williams and the New Zealand Pottery Forum website and from the book
New Zealand Pottery, Commercial and Collectable by Gail Henry.
ENDS
Above: Floral dinnerware in 1990. Image from 'Christine Harris Ceramics' brochure.
